08 · Predict

Verbs that stand alone

Some verbs make a complete predicate without a direct object. In The engine stalled, nothing fills an object position after stalled. This is an intransitive use of the verb.

Determiner · determinerNoun · headNoun phrase · subjectVerb · intransitive verb · headVerb phrase · predicateSentenceTheenginestalled
The predicate is headed by stalled, and the figure shows no object noun phrase after it.

what can follow

Material after the verb can have another job

Pronoun · headNoun phrase · subjectVerb · intransitive verb · headPreposition · headPronoun · headNoun phrase · complementPrepositional phrase · adverbialVerb phrase · predicateSentenceShesmiledatus.
At us is a prepositional phrase doing an adverbial job. Nothing after smiled is a direct object.

At us gives more information about the smiling, but it does not make us an object of smiled. An intransitive clause may therefore continue after the verb. The title “stands alone” names the missing direct-object relation, not a rule that the verb must be final.

Check the frame in this clause

  1. Find the main verb and read the whole predicate.
  2. Look for a noun phrase directly paired with that verb as an object.
  3. If this use has none, treat it as intransitive even when an adverb or prepositional phrase follows.

A clause can describe an action involving something without naming that thing as an object. In The children ate, we understand that they ate food, but no noun phrase fills the direct-object position. In The children ate lunch, lunch fills that position. Classify the verb from the structure the sentence actually contains.

The same verb can occur with or without an object: The hatch opened has no direct object, while She opened the hatch does. The sentence, not the verb by itself, determines the pattern.

Ten sentences from this lesson, one decision at a time.